{"id":5373,"date":"2026-10-31T04:00:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T03:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/?p=5373"},"modified":"2026-10-30T20:27:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T19:27:17","slug":"this-is-halloween-in-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/2026\/10\/31\/this-is-halloween-in-space\/","title":{"rendered":"This is Halloween\u2026 in space"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--link_color: var(--awb-color4);--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-row\"><ul style=\"--awb-size:18px;--awb-iconcolor:var(--awb-color3);--awb-line-height:30.6px;--awb-icon-width:30.6px;--awb-icon-height:30.6px;--awb-icon-margin:12.6px;--awb-content-margin:43.2px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-paint-brush fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>crediti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>NASA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-section-separator section-separator grunge fusion-section-separator-1\" style=\"--awb-spacer-height:43px;--awb-svg-margin-left:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-left-small:1.92%;--awb-svg-margin-right-small:1.92%;--awb-bg-size:100% 100%;--awb-bg-size-medium:100% 100%;--awb-bg-size-small:100% 100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-svg\"><div class=\"fusion-grunge-candy-sep fusion-section-separator-svg-bg\" style=\"background-image:url( 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);height:43px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer-height\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color2);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:transparent;font-size:23px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:3px;padding:3px;margin-top:-1.5px\"><i class=\"fa-angle-double-down fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:var(--awb-color2);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color2);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p>Siamo abituati a guardare e scoprire l\u2019Universo con occhi romantici e affascinati, ma sfortunatamente quella bellezza che ci viene mostrata nasconde dietro di s\u00e9 un\u2019estrema mortalit\u00e0. Se pensiamo che ci\u00f2 che possa ucciderci sia semplicemente l\u2019assenza d\u2019aria, non comprendiamo davvero il grande potenziale, quasi spietato, che il nostro cosmo ha da offrire. Oggi in questa notte di fantasmi e creature orride, andremo ad esplorare i veri mostri del nostro Universo.<\/p>\n<h4>Il Lampo Gamma<\/h4>\n<p>Immaginate una specie che vive tranquilla sul suo pianeta finch\u00e9 una sera, una nuova stella compare nel cielo. Notte dopo notte, questa diventa sempre pi\u00f9 luminosa, fino a quando la sua luce avvolge e colpisce il pianeta intero: in pochi secondi spazza via l\u2019atmosfera e sterilizza la superficie. Si tratta di un Lampo Gamma (GRB). Questo fascio di radiazioni \u00e8 uno dei fenomeni pi\u00f9 energetici del cosmo: si genera alla morte di una stella molto massiccia oppure dalla collisione di due stelle di neutroni. In un istante, una quantit\u00e0 di energia superiore a quella che il Sole produce in tutta la sua vita viene rilasciata nell\u2019Universo sotto forma di un raggio letale. Tutto ci\u00f2 che incontra viene devastato, in pratica \u00e8 la morte nera dell\u2019universo.<\/p>\n<h4>Le magnetar<\/h4>\n<p>Nello spazio esistono moltissimi oggetti estremi, ma tra i pi\u00f9 esotici troviamo le stelle di neutroni: questi nuclei stellari possono ruotare a velocit\u00e0 incredibili e, dai poli, emettere radiazioni; per questa ragione vengono anche chiamate pulsar. Ma esiste anche un\u2019 altra tipologia di stelle di neutroni: le magnetar. Immaginate una calamita grande 20 km, con un campo magnetico miliardi di volte pi\u00f9 intenso di quello terrestre. Se un oggetto del genere si avvicinasse alla Terra, potrebbe distruggere o danneggiare ogni satellite e tecnologia del nostro mondo, ma non si fermerebbe l\u00ec: il suo campo magnetico sarebbe cos\u00ec intenso da alterare l\u2019atmosfera, modificare la chimica degli atomi e persino indurre correnti nella materia organica. Non preoccupatevi se il vostro smartphone smette di funzionare: in uno scenario del genere non avreste comunque tempo per chiedere aiuto.<\/p>\n<h4>Il\u2026 Sole?!<\/h4>\n<p>Ma questi fenomeni sembrano lontani, improbabili, quasi irrilevanti per noi. Qui sulla Terra ci sentiamo al sicuro. Eppure, il killer pi\u00f9 insospettabile \u00e8 proprio sopra le nostre teste: il nostro Sole. La nostra stella ci bombarda costantemente con un flusso di particelle che il campo magnetico terrestre riesce a deviare e schermare. Tuttavia nei periodi di maggiore attivit\u00e0 il Sole pu\u00f2 emettere enormi quantit\u00e0 di materia: questo fenomeno \u00e8 noto come espulsione di massa coronale. Se abbastanza intensa, pu\u00f2 danneggiare non solo i satelliti in orbita, ma anche le infrastrutture tecnologiche sulla superfice e provocare blackout su larga scala. Un evento simile \u00e8 gi\u00e0 accaduto in passato: l\u2019Evento di Carrington (1859). Se si \u00a0verificasse oggi potrebbe riportare l\u2019umanit\u00e0 indietro di secoli: ci ritroveremmo in uno scenario quasi post-apocalittico, senza elettricit\u00e0 n\u00e9 tecnologia.<\/p>\n<h4>Le stelle iperveloci<\/h4>\n<p>Pensiamo alla Via Lattea come a un luogo tranquillo, ma anche nei quartieri pi\u00f9 sicuri pu\u00f2 sempre sfrecciare qualche \u201cpirata della strada\u201d. Su scala cosmica, questi corridori sono stelle. Si chiamano stelle iperveloci e sono astri che un tempo facevano parte di sistemi binari, legati gravitazionalmente a un\u2019altra stella. A causa dell\u2019interazione con un buco nero, oppure dell\u2019esplosione della loro compagna in supernova, questo legame si spezza, scagliando la stella nello spazio a velocit\u00e0 di migliaia di chilometri al secondo. Ovunque passino queste stelle \u201cimpazzite\u201d possono causare sconvolgimenti a causa della loro gravit\u00e0 e della loro velocit\u00e0 estrema. Se si avvicinassero al nostro Sistema Solare, potrebbero non colpirci direttamente, ma destabilizzerebbero gli oggetti delle regioni pi\u00f9 esterne (la fascia di Kuiper e la nube di Oort) spingendoli verso l\u2019interno. La Terra verrebbe cos\u00ec bombardata da comete e asteroidi. Esprimete un desiderio\u2026 perch\u00e9 potrebbe essere l\u2019ultimo.<\/p>\n<p>Da comete grandi quanto montagne, a fasci di radiazione, fino ad arrivare a buchi neri voraci, l\u2019Universo sembra aver trovato pi\u00f9 modi di distruggere la vita che di generarla. S\u00ec, forse non viviamo in un paradiso cosmico, ma piuttosto in una prigione con all\u2019interno i pi\u00f9 spietati killer. Potremmo gridare per chiedere aiuto, ma nel vuoto dello spazio sarebbe inutile: nessuno ci sentirebbe.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color2);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:transparent;font-size:23px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:3px;padding:3px;margin-top:-1.5px\"><i class=\"fa-angle-down fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:var(--awb-color2);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:var(--awb-color2);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p>Da comete grandi quanto montagne, a fasci di radiazione, fino ad arrivare a buchi neri voraci, l\u2019Universo sembra aver trovato pi\u00f9 modi di distruggere la vita che di generarla. S\u00ec, forse non viviamo in un paradiso cosmico, ma piuttosto in una prigione con all\u2019interno i pi\u00f9 spietati killer. Potremmo gridare per chiedere aiuto, ma nel vuoto dello spazio sarebbe inutile: nessuno ci sentirebbe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un mostro omicida sotto al letto o un fantasma dal sorriso agghiacciante non sono ci\u00f2 che devi temere di pi\u00f9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"autore":[204],"class_list":["post-5373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cool-tura","autore-andrea-salvemini"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5376,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5373\/revisions\/5376"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5373"},{"taxonomy":"autore","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentmag.unipr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/autore?post=5373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}